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COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T20:09:17Z

Amir: /* C.1 Goal Setting */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
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| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
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| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
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| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
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| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
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| ||style="background:Lavender"|
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| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:Goals Z.png|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:design1.png|''Design Site 1 of the Niewpoort Green RING Project achieves a number of the goals laid out in our concept: Connecting protected areas, Mitigating the effects of coastal flooding, building up biodiversity in the district and establishing pedestrian and bicycle paths to connect key points in the district, such as Natura 2000 sites, the old town, residential corridors and the seasonal holiday park.''
File:design1view.png|''Urban wetland parks build capital through a number of different ways.''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png|''Partnerships/Governance model''
File:TimelineA1.png|''Phase 1. ANALYSIS: After setting the vision in this stage the experts analyzing the site to get to know the area and its potentials and weaknesses. Phase 2. FUNDING: The reports and analysis will go to be accepted by the Investors. Local and National governments, as well as the EU- Funding Organization, will prove the status and ask for a compilation of the application if it‘s needed. Phase 3. DESIGN: In this stage, Experts work on detailed design and planning. They make collaboration between different fieldwork. The cost estimate and technical Design/drafting will be prepared in this phase. The final design must be again checked and proved by the investors. Phase 4.1. IMPLEMENTATION: The bike and pedestrian path that are connecting the old city to the Natura 2000 (Bird directive area) through the wetland will start to implement.The green infrastructure in the wetland area starts to be improved. Implementing the green corridor like a green belt around the old town and continue the corridor to the lake and connecting the lake to the first zone with the bike and pedestrian paths start in the zone 2 at the same time as zone 1. Phase 4.2. In the first part of the implementation, the gray infrastructure like boardwalks that connecting the Natura 2000 area to the old city and also the pedestrian path through the designed green corridor will be implemented. The second part of the implementation (green infrastructure) which is already started at the same time with the gray infrastructure will continue to be developed. But the users can start to use the finished construction part of the project. Phase 5. PROJECT COMPLETION''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T20:08:57Z

Amir: /* C.1 Goal Setting */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:Goals Z.png|''GOALS''
</gallery>

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:design1.png|''Design Site 1 of the Niewpoort Green RING Project achieves a number of the goals laid out in our concept: Connecting protected areas, Mitigating the effects of coastal flooding, building up biodiversity in the district and establishing pedestrian and bicycle paths to connect key points in the district, such as Natura 2000 sites, the old town, residential corridors and the seasonal holiday park.''
File:design1view.png|''Urban wetland parks build capital through a number of different ways.''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png|''Partnerships/Governance model''
File:TimelineA1.png|''Phase 1. ANALYSIS: After setting the vision in this stage the experts analyzing the site to get to know the area and its potentials and weaknesses. Phase 2. FUNDING: The reports and analysis will go to be accepted by the Investors. Local and National governments, as well as the EU- Funding Organization, will prove the status and ask for a compilation of the application if it‘s needed. Phase 3. DESIGN: In this stage, Experts work on detailed design and planning. They make collaboration between different fieldwork. The cost estimate and technical Design/drafting will be prepared in this phase. The final design must be again checked and proved by the investors. Phase 4.1. IMPLEMENTATION: The bike and pedestrian path that are connecting the old city to the Natura 2000 (Bird directive area) through the wetland will start to implement.The green infrastructure in the wetland area starts to be improved. Implementing the green corridor like a green belt around the old town and continue the corridor to the lake and connecting the lake to the first zone with the bike and pedestrian paths start in the zone 2 at the same time as zone 1. Phase 4.2. In the first part of the implementation, the gray infrastructure like boardwalks that connecting the Natura 2000 area to the old city and also the pedestrian path through the designed green corridor will be implemented. The second part of the implementation (green infrastructure) which is already started at the same time with the gray infrastructure will continue to be developed. But the users can start to use the finished construction part of the project. Phase 5. PROJECT COMPLETION''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T20:07:23Z

Amir:

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:design1.png|''Design Site 1 of the Niewpoort Green RING Project achieves a number of the goals laid out in our concept: Connecting protected areas, Mitigating the effects of coastal flooding, building up biodiversity in the district and establishing pedestrian and bicycle paths to connect key points in the district, such as Natura 2000 sites, the old town, residential corridors and the seasonal holiday park.''
File:design1view.png|''Urban wetland parks build capital through a number of different ways.''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png|''Partnerships/Governance model''
File:TimelineA1.png|''Phase 1. ANALYSIS: After setting the vision in this stage the experts analyzing the site to get to know the area and its potentials and weaknesses. Phase 2. FUNDING: The reports and analysis will go to be accepted by the Investors. Local and National governments, as well as the EU- Funding Organization, will prove the status and ask for a compilation of the application if it‘s needed. Phase 3. DESIGN: In this stage, Experts work on detailed design and planning. They make collaboration between different fieldwork. The cost estimate and technical Design/drafting will be prepared in this phase. The final design must be again checked and proved by the investors. Phase 4.1. IMPLEMENTATION: The bike and pedestrian path that are connecting the old city to the Natura 2000 (Bird directive area) through the wetland will start to implement.The green infrastructure in the wetland area starts to be improved. Implementing the green corridor like a green belt around the old town and continue the corridor to the lake and connecting the lake to the first zone with the bike and pedestrian paths start in the zone 2 at the same time as zone 1. Phase 4.2. In the first part of the implementation, the gray infrastructure like boardwalks that connecting the Natura 2000 area to the old city and also the pedestrian path through the designed green corridor will be implemented. The second part of the implementation (green infrastructure) which is already started at the same time with the gray infrastructure will continue to be developed. But the users can start to use the finished construction part of the project. Phase 5. PROJECT COMPLETION''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T20:05:35Z

Amir: /* C.1 Goal Setting */

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T20:02:42Z

Amir: /* Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:Goals Z.png|''add caption here''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:design1.png|''Design Site 1 of the Niewpoort Green RING Project achieves a number of the goals laid out in our concept: Connecting protected areas, Mitigating the effects of coastal flooding, building up biodiversity in the district and establishing pedestrian and bicycle paths to connect key points in the district, such as Natura 2000 sites, the old town, residential corridors and the seasonal holiday park.''
File:design1view.png|''Urban wetland parks build capital through a number of different ways.''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png|''Partnerships/Governance model''
File:TimelineA1.png|''Phase 1. ANALYSIS: After setting the vision in this stage the experts analyzing the site to get to know the area and its potentials and weaknesses. Phase 2. FUNDING: The reports and analysis will go to be accepted by the Investors. Local and National governments, as well as the EU- Funding Organization, will prove the status and ask for a compilation of the application if it‘s needed. Phase 3. DESIGN: In this stage, Experts work on detailed design and planning. They make collaboration between different fieldwork. The cost estimate and technical Design/drafting will be prepared in this phase. The final design must be again checked and proved by the investors. Phase 4.1. IMPLEMENTATION: The bike and pedestrian path that are connecting the old city to the Natura 2000 (Bird directive area) through the wetland will start to implement.The green infrastructure in the wetland area starts to be improved. Implementing the green corridor like a green belt around the old town and continue the corridor to the lake and connecting the lake to the first zone with the bike and pedestrian paths start in the zone 2 at the same time as zone 1. Phase 4.2. In the first part of the implementation, the gray infrastructure like boardwalks that connecting the Natura 2000 area to the old city and also the pedestrian path through the designed green corridor will be implemented. The second part of the implementation (green infrastructure) which is already started at the same time with the gray infrastructure will continue to be developed. But the users can start to use the finished construction part of the project. Phase 5. PROJECT COMPLETION''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T20:02:01Z

Amir: /* Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''
File:Goals Z.png|''add caption here''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:design1.png|''Design Site 1 of the Niewpoort Green RING Project achieves a number of the goals laid out in our concept: Connecting protected areas, Mitigating the effects of coastal flooding, building up biodiversity in the district and establishing pedestrian and bicycle paths to connect key points in the district, such as Natura 2000 sites, the old town, residential corridors and the seasonal holiday park.''
File:design1view.png|''Urban wetland parks build capital through a number of different ways.''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png|''Partnerships/Governance model''
File:TimelineA1.png|''Phase 1. ANALYSIS: After setting the vision in this stage the experts analyzing the site to get to know the area and its potentials and weaknesses. Phase 2. FUNDING: The reports and analysis will go to be accepted by the Investors. Local and National governments, as well as the EU- Funding Organization, will prove the status and ask for a compilation of the application if it‘s needed. Phase 3. DESIGN: In this stage, Experts work on detailed design and planning. They make collaboration between different fieldwork. The cost estimate and technical Design/drafting will be prepared in this phase. The final design must be again checked and proved by the investors. Phase 4.1. IMPLEMENTATION: The bike and pedestrian path that are connecting the old city to the Natura 2000 (Bird directive area) through the wetland will start to implement.The green infrastructure in the wetland area starts to be improved. Implementing the green corridor like a green belt around the old town and continue the corridor to the lake and connecting the lake to the first zone with the bike and pedestrian paths start in the zone 2 at the same time as zone 1. Phase 4.2. In the first part of the implementation, the gray infrastructure like boardwalks that connecting the Natura 2000 area to the old city and also the pedestrian path through the designed green corridor will be implemented. The second part of the implementation (green infrastructure) which is already started at the same time with the gray infrastructure will continue to be developed. But the users can start to use the finished construction part of the project. Phase 5. PROJECT COMPLETION''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T20:00:57Z

Amir: Undo revision 11511 by Amir (talk)

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:design1.png|''Design Site 1 of the Niewpoort Green RING Project achieves a number of the goals laid out in our concept: Connecting protected areas, Mitigating the effects of coastal flooding, building up biodiversity in the district and establishing pedestrian and bicycle paths to connect key points in the district, such as Natura 2000 sites, the old town, residential corridors and the seasonal holiday park.''
File:design1view.png|''Urban wetland parks build capital through a number of different ways.''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png|''Partnerships/Governance model''
File:TimelineA1.png|''Phase 1. ANALYSIS: After setting the vision in this stage the experts analyzing the site to get to know the area and its potentials and weaknesses. Phase 2. FUNDING: The reports and analysis will go to be accepted by the Investors. Local and National governments, as well as the EU- Funding Organization, will prove the status and ask for a compilation of the application if it‘s needed. Phase 3. DESIGN: In this stage, Experts work on detailed design and planning. They make collaboration between different fieldwork. The cost estimate and technical Design/drafting will be prepared in this phase. The final design must be again checked and proved by the investors. Phase 4.1. IMPLEMENTATION: The bike and pedestrian path that are connecting the old city to the Natura 2000 (Bird directive area) through the wetland will start to implement.The green infrastructure in the wetland area starts to be improved. Implementing the green corridor like a green belt around the old town and continue the corridor to the lake and connecting the lake to the first zone with the bike and pedestrian paths start in the zone 2 at the same time as zone 1. Phase 4.2. In the first part of the implementation, the gray infrastructure like boardwalks that connecting the Natura 2000 area to the old city and also the pedestrian path through the designed green corridor will be implemented. The second part of the implementation (green infrastructure) which is already started at the same time with the gray infrastructure will continue to be developed. But the users can start to use the finished construction part of the project. Phase 5. PROJECT COMPLETION''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T20:00:27Z

Amir: /* C.1 Goal Setting */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Goals Z.png|''add caption here''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:design1.png|''Design Site 1 of the Niewpoort Green RING Project achieves a number of the goals laid out in our concept: Connecting protected areas, Mitigating the effects of coastal flooding, building up biodiversity in the district and establishing pedestrian and bicycle paths to connect key points in the district, such as Natura 2000 sites, the old town, residential corridors and the seasonal holiday park.''
File:design1view.png|''Urban wetland parks build capital through a number of different ways.''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png|''Partnerships/Governance model''
File:TimelineA1.png|''Phase 1. ANALYSIS: After setting the vision in this stage the experts analyzing the site to get to know the area and its potentials and weaknesses. Phase 2. FUNDING: The reports and analysis will go to be accepted by the Investors. Local and National governments, as well as the EU- Funding Organization, will prove the status and ask for a compilation of the application if it‘s needed. Phase 3. DESIGN: In this stage, Experts work on detailed design and planning. They make collaboration between different fieldwork. The cost estimate and technical Design/drafting will be prepared in this phase. The final design must be again checked and proved by the investors. Phase 4.1. IMPLEMENTATION: The bike and pedestrian path that are connecting the old city to the Natura 2000 (Bird directive area) through the wetland will start to implement.The green infrastructure in the wetland area starts to be improved. Implementing the green corridor like a green belt around the old town and continue the corridor to the lake and connecting the lake to the first zone with the bike and pedestrian paths start in the zone 2 at the same time as zone 1. Phase 4.2. In the first part of the implementation, the gray infrastructure like boardwalks that connecting the Natura 2000 area to the old city and also the pedestrian path through the designed green corridor will be implemented. The second part of the implementation (green infrastructure) which is already started at the same time with the gray infrastructure will continue to be developed. But the users can start to use the finished construction part of the project. Phase 5. PROJECT COMPLETION''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

File:Goals Z.png

2020-04-10T20:00:14Z

Amir:

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T19:54:50Z

Amir: /* C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:design1.png|''Design Site 1 of the Niewpoort Green RING Project achieves a number of the goals laid out in our concept: Connecting protected areas, Mitigating the effects of coastal flooding, building up biodiversity in the district and establishing pedestrian and bicycle paths to connect key points in the district, such as Natura 2000 sites, the old town, residential corridors and the seasonal holiday park.''
File:design1view.png|''Urban wetland parks build capital through a number of different ways.''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png|''Partnerships/Governance model''
File:TimelineA1.png|''Phase 1. ANALYSIS: After setting the vision in this stage the experts analyzing the site to get to know the area and its potentials and weaknesses. Phase 2. FUNDING: The reports and analysis will go to be accepted by the Investors. Local and National governments, as well as the EU- Funding Organization, will prove the status and ask for a compilation of the application if it‘s needed. Phase 3. DESIGN: In this stage, Experts work on detailed design and planning. They make collaboration between different fieldwork. The cost estimate and technical Design/drafting will be prepared in this phase. The final design must be again checked and proved by the investors. Phase 4.1. IMPLEMENTATION: The bike and pedestrian path that are connecting the old city to the Natura 2000 (Bird directive area) through the wetland will start to implement.The green infrastructure in the wetland area starts to be improved. Implementing the green corridor like a green belt around the old town and continue the corridor to the lake and connecting the lake to the first zone with the bike and pedestrian paths start in the zone 2 at the same time as zone 1. Phase 4.2. In the first part of the implementation, the gray infrastructure like boardwalks that connecting the Natura 2000 area to the old city and also the pedestrian path through the designed green corridor will be implemented. The second part of the implementation (green infrastructure) which is already started at the same time with the gray infrastructure will continue to be developed. But the users can start to use the finished construction part of the project. Phase 5. PROJECT COMPLETION''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T19:54:31Z

Amir: /* C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:design1.png|''Design Site 1 of the Niewpoort Green RING Project achieves a number of the goals laid out in our concept: Connecting protected areas, Mitigating the effects of coastal flooding, building up biodiversity in the district and establishing pedestrian and bicycle paths to connect key points in the district, such as Natura 2000 sites, the old town, residential corridors and the seasonal holiday park.''
File:design1view.png|''Urban wetland parks build capital through a number of different ways.''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png|''Partnerships/Governance model''
File:TimelineA1.png|''Phase 1. ANALYSIS: After setting the vision in this stage the experts analyzing the site to get to know the area and its potentials and weaknesses. Phase 2. FUNDING: The reports and analysis will go to be accepted by the Investors. Local and National governments, as well as the EU- Funding Organization, will prove the status and ask for a compilation of the application if it‘s needed. Phase 3. DESIGN: In this stage, Experts work on detailed design and planning. They make collaboration between different fieldwork. The cost estimate and technical Design/drafting will be prepared in this phase. The final design must be again checked and proved by the investors. Phase 4.1. IMPLEMENTATION: The bike and pedestrian path that are connecting the old city to the Natura 2000 (Bird directive area) through the wetland will start to implement.The green infrastructure in the wetland area starts to be improved. Implementing the green corridor like a green belt around the old town and continue the corridor to the lake and connecting the lake to the first zone with the bike and pedestrian paths start in the zone 2 at the same time as zone 1. Phase 4.2. In the first part of the implementation, the gray infrastructure like boardwalks that connecting the Natura 2000 area to the old city and also the pedestrian path through the designed green corridor will be implemented. The second part of the implementation (green infrastructure) which is already started at the same time with the gray infrastructure will continue to be developed. But the users can start to use the finished construction part of the project. Phase 5. PROJECT
COMPLETION''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T19:54:04Z

Amir: /* C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:design1.png|''Design Site 1 of the Niewpoort Green RING Project achieves a number of the goals laid out in our concept: Connecting protected areas, Mitigating the effects of coastal flooding, building up biodiversity in the district and establishing pedestrian and bicycle paths to connect key points in the district, such as Natura 2000 sites, the old town, residential corridors and the seasonal holiday park.''
File:design1view.png|''Urban wetland parks build capital through a number of different ways.''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png|''Partnerships/Governance model''
File:TimelineA1.png|''Phase 1. ANALYSIS: After setting the vision in this stage the experts analyzing the site to get to know the area and its potentials and weaknesses. Phase 2. FUNDING: The reports and analysis will go to be accepted by the Investors. Local and National governments, as well as the EU- Funding Organization, will prove the status and ask for a compilation of the application if it‘s needed. Phase 3. DESIGN: In this stage, Experts work on detailed design and planning. They make collaboration between different fieldwork. The cost estimate and technical Design/drafting will be prepared in this phase. The final design must be again checked and proved by the investors. Phase 4.1. IMPLEMENTATION: The bike and pedestrian path that are connecting the old city to the Natura 2000 (Bird directive area) through the wetland will start to implement.
The green infrastructure in the wetland area starts to be improved. Implementing the green corridor like a green belt around the old town and continue the corridor to the lake and connecting the lake to the first zone with the bike and pedestrian paths start in the zone 2 at the same time as zone 1. Phase 4.2. In the first part of the implementation, the gray infrastructure like boardwalks that connecting the Natura 2000 area to the old city and also the pedestrian path through the designed green corridor will be implemented. The second part of the implementation (green infrastructure) which is already started at the same time with the gray infrastructure will continue to be developed. But the users can start to use the finished construction part of the project. Phase 5. PROJECT
COMPLETION''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-04-10T19:53:34Z

Amir: /* C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="800px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:design1.png|''Design Site 1 of the Niewpoort Green RING Project achieves a number of the goals laid out in our concept: Connecting protected areas, Mitigating the effects of coastal flooding, building up biodiversity in the district and establishing pedestrian and bicycle paths to connect key points in the district, such as Natura 2000 sites, the old town, residential corridors and the seasonal holiday park.''
File:design1view.png|''Urban wetland parks build capital through a number of different ways.''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png|''Partnerships/Governance model''
File:TimelineA1.png|''Phase 1. ANALYSIS: After setting the vision in this stage the experts analyzing the site to get to know the area and its potentials and weaknesses. Phase 2. FUNDING: The reports and analysis will go to be accepted by the Investors. Local and National governments, as well as the EU- Funding Organization, will prove the status and ask for a compilation of the application if it‘s needed. Phase 3. DESIGN: In this stage, Experts work on detailed design and planning.
They make collaboration between different fieldwork. The cost estimate and technical Design/drafting will be prepared in this phase. The final design must be again checked and proved by the investors. Phase 4.1. IMPLEMENTATION: The bike and pedestrian path that are connecting the old city to the Natura 2000 (Bird directive area) through the wetland will start to implement.
The green infrastructure in the wetland area starts to be improved. Implementing the green corridor like a green belt around the old town and continue the corridor to the lake and connecting the lake to the first zone with the bike and pedestrian paths start in the zone 2 at the same time as zone 1. Phase 4.2. In the first part of the implementation, the gray infrastructure like boardwalks that connecting the Natura 2000 area to the old city and also the pedestrian path through the designed green corridor will be implemented. The second part of the implementation (green infrastructure) which is already started at the same time with the gray infrastructure will continue to be developed. But the users can start to use the finished construction part of the project. Phase 5. PROJECT
COMPLETION''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

File:TimelineA1.png

2020-04-10T19:48:21Z

Amir:

File:PARTNERSHIP and GOVERNANCE DESIGN 01.png

2020-04-10T19:46:56Z

Amir:

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-31T17:15:47Z

Amir:

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Nieuwpoort now.JPG|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-27T15:32:22Z

Amir: /* C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-27T15:17:27Z

Amir: /* C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_Morphology.png|''A time-based approach to mapping the physical changes in the shaping of the Yser River where it meets the North Sea gives a clearer picture of how the current landscape was formed. Studying these changes gives insight in to how the landscape may revert back to a sustainable ecological balance, through it’s own natural function or through the assistance of the state. In as much as the image on the left looks back, the image on the right is more of a forward projection. It visualizes the areas prone to flooding in a 4m storm surge and also points out the particular points along the shore line that are most susceptible to erosion. This information will allow for the any future projects to mitigate for the effects of flooding in particular areas, while studying where erosion may cause harm, or play a beneficial role, in the reforming of the landscape. In general, it is a better understanding of a very dynamic system that can have profound effects on communities and proposed planning and design.''
File:Greeninfrastructures.png|''One of the prominent features of Nieuwpoort are the nature reserve of Ijzermonding and the dune area in the north western side. The ecosystem of ijermonding is unique on the flemish coast, here a river estuary connects with the beach, sea dunes and dune grasslands. Two Bird directive areas 'West coast' (BE2500121) and 'Het Zwin' (BE2501033) also fall inside these areas. The main Green infrastructures of Nieuwpoort are Agricultural lands, Meadows, Heaths and Grasslands. The agricultural lands cover almost the majority of the area in the southern part of the city Nieuwpoort Stad. A small amount of forest areas are present. The Yser river plays a prominent role around these green Infrastructures. Here through the lock and spillways entry point, Ganzepoot, one river, three water channels and two canals are connected with the mouth of the Yser River and the maritime port. So this is quite an important connection point. There is the potential to develop the area around the historic core of the city, close to Ganzepot, for recreation and nature green. In the Beach side and in the mouth of the Yser river and the canals, a number of water sports activities can be seen. There is the potential to develop a green belt along the bird directive sites and habitat directive sites to resist urban growth of industries or Grey infrastructures around these valuable areas.Also the city has a number of old heritage sites, which needs more exposure, so there is this loss of identity despite the presence of all these ancient monuments. The nature reserve areas in the northern part are an important part of the Cultural Heritage of Nieuwpoort. Hence to lessen the pressure on these protected areas, and for lesser anthropocentric activities in the beach side, there should be more Green recreational infrastructures such as urban open spaces in the southern part of the city. ''
File:Capture.JPG|''As Nieuwpoort is place for tourist attraction so it’s a important matter to identify the hot spots of attarction and also the connection with all those areas. In left side map shows some important recreational spaces which also serves as touristic attraction and the map also shows the bus stops so that we can see the connectivity through the whole area. Also bike paths are visible in the map which connect Nieuwpoort to other locations. It’s important to think about the accommodation facilities for tourists so Air bnb, hotels and camping places are also locate in the right side map which will give better understanding about how much accommodation facilities this area can provide for visitors.''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Economy condition.png|''Economy & social condition'' These problems are bundled into 4 major themes (dimensions): demography, housing, education and unemployment.This is the poverty map which is assessed on the scale of 0-4. 4 is the less good economic condition 0 is a better economic condition. (0=2) green depicts this score is for 2 neighborhood (1=3) for 3 neighborhood, (2=5) for 5 neighborhood, (3=1) for 1 neighborhood

</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''First priority is to enhance the green infrastructure by Connecting Natura 2000 habitats to make a green ring around Nieuwpoort. Secondly, relocate the residential development to medium density structures in Ramskapelle following the. Enhance the sustainable mobility bicycle path to connect the recreational open spaces. In addition, Address flooding in Jachthavenwijk & create a possible idealistic solution with the combination of traditional and environmental engineering.

''

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="400px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''Overlaying the themed maps from above, we were able to locate particular zones which will be affected by a number of factors. In the south, the agricultural land is susceptible to leaching and contamination of both ground water and river waters through the transfer of salts and pesticides during storm surge flooding. However, it was the densely populated area near the shoreline that posed the most problems, and rightfully, potentials. The limited amount of recreational space and green infrastructure designated for ecology in the Northwest is compounded by the influx of tourism that overwhelms these sights. Additionally, the housing zone between the old town and the coast is at a high risk of health and economic harm due to potential flooding. There is great potential to protect housing and economy while expanding recreation and protecting it’s ecological function by shifting new residential development and introducing a green belt to he area. Both natural and engineered solutions to mitigate flooding could be paired with this approach.''
File:Problem definition & priority settings.jpg|''add caption here''

</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:Photo 2020-03-27 16-14-44.jpg|''Nieuwpoort''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

File:Photo 2020-03-27 16-14-44.jpg

2020-03-27T15:17:09Z

Amir:

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T15:19:17Z

Amir: /* B.3 Problem definition and priority setting */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T15:18:53Z

Amir: /* B.2 Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T15:17:58Z

Amir: /* B.2 Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

File:Problems & Potentials Nieuwpoort.png

2020-03-20T15:17:31Z

Amir:

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T15:10:36Z

Amir: /* A.3 Theory reflection */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T15:09:43Z

Amir:

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Flemish Region''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T15:07:25Z

Amir:

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti, S.Amir H.Shahrestani
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
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| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T15:06:50Z

Amir:

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, S Amir H Shahrestani, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
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| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T15:06:08Z

Amir:

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel, S.Amir H.Shahrestani, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T15:05:49Z

Amir:

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Nieuwpoort''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgium''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nafiz Rahat , Foysal Karim, Nicolas Reibel
S.Amir H.Shahrestani, Rahnuma Ahmad Tahiti
''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T15:00:15Z

Amir: /* B.5 References */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''please enter the area name here''
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| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the country here''
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| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
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| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter your name(s)- optional''
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= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''
https://www.bikemap.net/en/l/2790150/
http://www.maplandia.com/belgium/vlaanderen/west-vlaanderen/nieuwpoort/
https://www.airbnb.com/
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Tourist-Attractions?geoboundaries=51.0603324,2.6468897:51.0756501,2.694912
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529360/share-of-belgian-population-at-risk-of-poverty/
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/belgium-westvlaanderen.php?cityid=38016
Steunpunt data & analyse 2017

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T14:58:43Z

Amir: /* B.2 Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''please enter the area name here''
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| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
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= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T14:58:16Z

Amir: /* B.2 Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''please enter the area name here''
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| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the country here''
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| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
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| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter your name(s)- optional''
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= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:Population and its growth.png|''The City is facing population growth, as we can see in the last decades the city was welcoming more people, but if we look at other graphs like age groups, we realize that the population is going to be old, then the city needs to be developed in the way to bring the infrastructures which can answer the elderly people's needs. ''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

File:Population and its growth.png

2020-03-20T14:52:45Z

Amir:

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T14:52:19Z

Amir: /* B.2 Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''please enter the area name here''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the country here''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter your name(s)- optional''
|-
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| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|}

= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T14:51:54Z

Amir: /* B.2 Mapping */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''please enter the area name here''
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| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the country here''
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| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
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| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter your name(s)- optional''
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= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:Densely populated area.png.jpg|''The city is divided into the 3 parts, but the densely populated area is in the northern part. It shows the interest of the housing development was the north (closet to the beach), and also we can see the green spaces among the settlements in this district are going to be smaller and in near future this green land uses will change to the settlement which will be needed. In the southern part of the city, there is potential for housing development.''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

File:Densely populated area.png

2020-03-20T14:46:29Z

Amir:

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T14:41:06Z

Amir: /* B.1 Assessment Strategy */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''please enter the area name here''
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| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the country here''
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| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter your name(s)- optional''
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= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme2.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T14:40:38Z

Amir: /* B.1 Assessment Strategy */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
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| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''please enter the area name here''
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| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
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| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the country here''
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| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
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| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter your name(s)- optional''
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= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
In our landscape system analysis, we discussed four main drivers (Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection) which are more dominating for this particular study area. So based on our previous analysis we found some issues like traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, flooding, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, etc which are some of the important factors and we think these are needs to be considered for our mapping assessment.
The excessive pressure of tourism creating an impact on the landscape and also it's increasing the rate of living cost. Low-cost housing areas are also getting denser for lower-income level people who are trying to get into the area. And when a place gets more populated it automatically creates mass with the public transportation system. So Accommodation facilities and transportation maps are made which show the connectivity of the whole area. Also, the economic condition of the public is shown on another map for understating about their living condition.
To analyze the current situation of tourism facilities with recreational activity, green infrastructure is mapped which shows the current location of recreational zones and relation to the public life and coastal landscape.
From various man-made issues and also form pollution causes climate change which is also a reason for sea-level rise. It’s a major problem of the study area which can be affected by serious flooding. Agricultural land can be washed away by any serious flooding issue so in our mapping, coastal flooding is also included which shows how it’s affecting the local landscape and ecosystem services.

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme2.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

----
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-20T14:38:08Z

Amir: /* B.4 Theory reflection */

'''>>>back to [[COLAND_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2020|working groups overview]]'''

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{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''please enter the area name here''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the town/village name''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the country here''
|-
| '''Topics''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the main coast-related topics here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter your name(s)- optional''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Dummy image case study template.jpg|400px]]
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| ||style="background:Lavender"|
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| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
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= Rationale =
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort, a small town situated along the Belgian coast, at the mouth of the Yser River, on the North Sea. Nieuwpoort is widely known amongst its European neighbors for its rich offerings for tourism. The town also has a thousand years of history, which is reflected in its landmarks & monuments. Therefore, its tourism-based economy has a large impact on Nieuwpoort’s coastal landscape & natural environment. The objective of this project is to create a responsive landscape design that enhances the local economy & ecology without impacting its cultural heritage. ''
*'' Nieuwpoort, Belgian Coastal Area, Tourism-based Economy, Protected Areas, Public Art, Living Waters''

= Location and scope =

''You can edit this map with the [[Special:MapEditor|map editor]]''
{{#display_map: 51.126153762154615,2.651204710017878~Case study boundary west; 51.16850968805749,2.771479559764627~case study boundary east; 51.12123275378534,2.7740801392448677~Case study boundary south}}

= A Landscape System Analysis =

== A.1 Landscape layers and their system context ==
=== Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology ===
*'' The Flemish Nieuwpoort is a seaside low coast area in the West Flanders. The land formation of this low coast area results in a combination of sediments & sands. Which is generated by the process of sea waves & the current . In addition, sea shorelines of Nieuwpoort arranging with the settlements, some parts of the coast are covered with natural grasslands. Estuary of the Yser river has a very important impact on the landscape of Nieuwpoort, the river directly connected with the see & divided into five branches from the point of De Ganzepoot. The city consists of two parts: Nieuwpoort-Stadt and Nieuwpoort-Bad. Wide sandy beach, the combination of sun & sea have added the value of tourism, one of the major factor of this place.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Belgium.jpg|''Nieuwpoort, Belgium''
File:Nieuwpoort.png|''Nieuwpoort''
</gallery>

=== Land use ===
The land-use of Nieuwpoort has included some different uses. As we can see on the map the major Landuse in the Nieuwpoort belongs to the agriculture and green spaces, almost in the south part of the city. The Red areas on the map are Settlements which located in the west of the Nieuwpoort. The Yellow areas show agriculture and green spaces such as pastures and natural grasslands. The blue lines and areas are waterbody and rivers, which is giving different identities to the city, and it has lots of potentials. The Violet color zones are the industry/commercial places. The sports and leisure facilities are shown in the white color.
As it's visible in two maps (land use 2003 and 2012) we cannot see so many differences in the land use map, but what is visible is the settlement density changes. Due to the population growth and need of housing, and also tourism purpose city developed the housing area with high density, which shows us that in the near future the city needs more spaces for the development and we suppose that the next target will be the change of agriculture area to the settlement.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort around 1770.jpg|''Land use around 1770''
File:Landuse 2003.jpg|''Land use 2003''
File:Landuse 2012.png|''Land use 2012''
</gallery>

=== Green/blue infrastructure ===

The Ijzer river is crossing the city of Nieuwpoort and reaches the North sea. The KOOLHOFVAART and VEURNE-AMBACHT rivers, as well as IJZER river, are the blue infrastructure which are bringing lots of potentials into the city. The tourism and recreational infrastructure are benefited from them as well as agriculture.
The Agricultures, natural grasslands, heathlands, pastures, and urban green spaces are the Green infrastructure of the city of Nieuwpoort.
As we can see on the map of Natura 2000 (natural protected areas) map, in the north part of the city we have Habitats and Birds Directive Sites. the BLUE areas are under Habitats Directive and the RED areas are under Birds Directive (Protection Areas).
The need for housing will bring the city to the stage of decision making to develop the settlement into agriculture.
Due to climate change and sea-level rise, there is the possibility of mixing the Fresh-water with the Sea-water, which will badly affect the green infrastructure.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Blue Infrastructure.png|''Blue Infrastructure''
File:Green Infrastructure.png|''Green Infrastructure''
File:Natura-2000.png|''Natura 2000''
</gallery>

=== Actors and stakeholders ===
From the socio-economic condition of the study area Nieuwpoort, our analysis found three major type of actors who are most dominating in the landscape. Fishermen are one of them who have very significant involvement with the economy and landscape but they have very low amount of power. Fish market is mainly controlled by the local municipality and municipality have the most power and also high involvement in the area. NGO’s and some public authorities are working with the fisherman to improve and betterment of the fish market of the locality. They are also involve with the local municipality and mainly controlled by them. So from the power map they can define as middle in power with high involvement. Another group is the local farmers who are currently in a stable condition because of their direct connection with economy and landscape and they can define as middle of the power and involvement. Tourist have involvement with the landscape as they are visiting this place for few days but they are very low in power. On the other hand local people have average power because they are also controlled by the local authorities and for this reason their involvement is also low.

<gallery caption=" " widths="600px" heights="600px" perrow="1">
File:Power map.JPG|''POWER MAP''
</gallery>

=== Sacred spaces and heritage ===

''Aside from the existing natural elements in the Nieuwpoort region (the wide beaches, the Yser river and it’s estuary, dunes and grasslands) which are tied to community identity, there are three major built elements in the landscape that are of key importance to local heritage and sacredness.

The first grouping is the architectural elements which are clustered in the old city with one outlier along the coast line. That outlier was the Vuurtoren, the coastal lighthouse, which guided boats into the harbor. Its first iteration was wooden, but was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times by the community. It’s current material is concrete, but it’s function, to keep the community safe, has not changed since the first one was first built in 1284.

Also keeping watch over the city has been the Onze-Lieve, Our Lady, Catholic Church, which was first constructed in 1163. This gothic church has been destroyed in multiple wars and rebuilt each time. Ironically, it houses a rare painting depicting the Battle of Nieuwpoort, from 1600.

The Bommenvrij, an old armory, the Stadshall and the church, even the lighthouse all signify the resilience of this landscape which has experienced much conflict throughout it’s history. The only architecture which succeeds at resisting a link to that identity is the Vismijn, the traditional fish market.

The next grouping of images, the landmarks, all carry on this link to the regions war torn past. The Duvetorre, once the St. Laurents Tower, was destroyed by war but never rebuilt. It keeps its relevance to the community by it’s association with the notorious Jean DePanne, an accused witch, who was know to use the space for devil worship. The Ganzepoot, which for most would appear to be a functional piece of infrastructure for managing water levels, was actually the tool used to stave off the Germans during WW I when a local citizen open the channel to flood the landscape, ultimately halting the advancing German army and saving the town. And the last landmark image, the Westfront, is actually a war memorial to that exact event.

However, the ties to heritage do not always determine community identity or correlate to the spaces that signify sacredness. Public sculpture, especially site specific art installations, are the essence of sacredness as they tie imagery and symbolism into the landscape through deeper concepts. The object tap into the landscape itself, while bringing new meaning with them by introducing new symbols. In Nieuwpoort there are four sculptural installations that root themselves in the landscape. The work by Jan Fabre in the image below ties itself to the horizon with a title that is both forward looking and optimistic. The work Men is placed in the tidal zone, so as to make the work seem almost dynamic, as it plays with the sea level on a daily basis. Oriented towards the town itself, it plays off a completely different energy than the Jan Fabre work.

There are two other works in the city, both are places around the harbor. The first, The Wind Blows Where it Wants is unique in that it is able to visualize a force that actually drives the landscape, the wind that forms the dunes. It gives body to a dynamic, powerful yet nearly invisible force that is a constant for coastal communities, by placing hundreds of flags in a space where the community is very likely to experience it. The last work De Poolreiziger is a work dedicated to a contemporary Belgian polar explorer who was also a citizen of the Nieuwpoort community.

In many ways, these structures evoke the experiences and values this community has at times in its history expressed or even absorbed in its present day.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Architecture_Text.png|''A map locating the '''architecture''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Landmarks_Text.png|''A map locating the '''landmarks''' in the landscape which are tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
File:Nieuwpoort_Art_Text.png|''A map locating the '''art''' in the landscape which is tied to heritage, sacredness and identity''
</gallery>
<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="3">
File:Nieuwpoort_Hall.jpg|'''Belfort en Halle''' ''The bell tower in the Nieuwpoort city hall, a UNESCO World Heritage site, sits atop a nearly 600 year old structure that was completely destroyed in WW I and later rebuilt. It signifies community and resilience.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Monument.jpg|'''Westfront''' ''This WW I memorial is one of seven that incorporates a monument to Albert I, the Soldier King. It is strategically placed adjacent to the Ganzepoot locks on the Yser river, which were the key to preserving the country from complete German occupation during one of the war's major battles.''
File:Nieuwpoort_Sculpture.jpg|'''Searching for Utopia''' ''This sculpture, by world famous Belgian artist Jan Fabre, was installed at its site on the shoreline so that the gaze of the figure is looking out to sea at the horizon. Site specific installations of sculpture integrate landscape elements into their concept, embedding them into landscape identity.''
</gallery>

=== Visual appearance and landscape narrative ===
*Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, the painting was made on the time of Eighty years which is known as the Dutch war of independence. On 2 July 1600, on the command of Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere, this battle happened near the city of Nieuwpoort. Famous painter Pauwels van Hillegaert who is known as a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and military scene has painted this Battle of Nieuwpoort which actually reminds a history of this area.

*A Belgian artist named Alfred Bastien painted The channel in Nieuwpoort, which deliver a message about one of the important landscape character of this area. As the area is characterized by its coastal landscape but some of the channels are also significant to maintaining the landscape values.

*The Sea Beggars by Cecelia Holland, A historical novel about the preliminary stages of the Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence). In this historic novel, in a part of the plot, it talks about the area of Nieuwpoort. The actual history of the conflict is long and complex, but Holland tells an insightful, if a small, slice of a much bigger picture, through the stories of one Dutch family.

<gallery caption=" " widths="320px" heights="260px" perrow="5">
File:Battle of Nieuwpoort.jpg|'''''Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort''' by Pauwels van Hillegaert. ''
File:The channel in Nieuwpoort.png|'''''The channel in Nieuwpoort''' by Alfred Bastien''
File:The sea beggars.jpg|'''''The sea beggars''' by Cecelia Holland''
</gallery>

== A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets ==
* ''Link back to the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals Sustainable Development Goals]: Which goals are at risk?''
* ''What is your hypothesis for this landscape?''
* ''Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict''
* ''Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?''
* ''Add text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_Drivers.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Pressures.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="400px" heights="300px" perrow="2">
File:Nieuwpoort_States.png|
File:Nieuwpoort_Impacts2.png|
</gallery>

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Sustainable Development.png|'' We defined four drivers for the site that we are working on, Tourism, housing, coastal flooding, and ecological protection. These four drivers have the pressures and impacts on the city of Nieuwpoort such as traffic congestion, reduced agriculture land, and green spaces, property damage, beach and estuary erosion, and rising living costs, lower quality living standards, and damaged ecology, and etc. Because of them, there are at least nine goals of the UN sustainable development goals at risk

<gallery caption=" " widths="840px" heights="500px" perrow="1">
File:Nieuwpoort_now.JPG|'' Current Situation
File:Future of Nieuwpoort.JPG|'' Future - The current coastline is already under pressure from intense tourism, which doubles the population of the city in the summer season. This influx has overinflated the housing market and the cost of living in Nieuwpoort, making it the most expensive region in Belgium to buy an apartment. Should the seasonal population boom continue at the same rate, the poverty gap will continue to widen and price many workers out of the housing market. In addition, a continued rise in the housing market valuations will inflate all real-estate rates, ultimately inflating the cost of living. To lessen this impact, pressure on green infrastructure and agricultural land will be the result of developers seeking out new opportunities to cash in. The resulting supporting infrastructure will add to air and water pollution while causing the ultimate loss of the valuable coastal estuary along the Yser river. Intensive coastal flooding due to climate shift will also damage the coastal estuary, ultimately leaving a less picturesque landscape and creating millions in property damage along the way. This series of events may result in tourism finally decreasing and the economy of the region losing it’s valued stability.''
</gallery>

== A.3 Theory reflection ==
'''Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 - 2020'''

Due to the reason of climate change effect and changing socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort costal area, few measures form Belgian National Adaptation Plan 2017 – 2020 need to be count. From out studies we can ensure that the Measure 1 (Development of high resolution climate scenarios for Belgium), Measure 7 (Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of climate change in Belgium) and Measure 8 (Take climate change impacts and adaptation needs into account in the framework of the future National Environmental Health Action Plan -NEHAP) are directly and also indirectly involved in our study area (Nieuwpoort).

'''European Document Natura 2000'''

Natura 2000 framework exited more than 20 years for the protection of species. In most protected areas, an acceptable balance is always sought between the demands of the local people and the animals and plants to be protected. There are also policies for landowners, users, admirations to formulate the usage of agricultural field, water, forestry for hunting. In addition, it also provides directional guidelines of leisure and recreational purposes. Those measures can be implemented in changing the socio-economic condition of the Nieuwpoort coastal area

'''Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands 1975 - 2020'''

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, which takes its name from the Iranian city where the convention was first signed in 1971, is a global treaty focusing on key areas of waterfowl habitat. Almost 90% of UN member states are a part of the Ramsar Convention.

Belgium currently has nine Ramsar sites totaling nearly 47,000 hectares of designated wetland. Three sites are located on the Belgian coast, with just one located in the North Sea itself. That particular 1900 hectar site, called Vlaamse Banken, is located on the coastal territory of Nieuwpoort. It includes both a beach zone and marine waters that contain a series of coastal banks that are key bird habitat. Designated in 1986, it has been listed as a Ramsar site for 35 years.

Wintering grebes and sea-ducks call this area home, while a number of shorebird species also include this habitat in their winter foraging and roosting zones. Commercial fishing, recreation and sand and gravel extraction are a threat to this environment.

* ''You can choose references from our [[Reading_List_Coastal_Landscapes|reading list]]''
* ''Scope: 250 words''

== A.4 References ==
'''IMAGES'''

Marc Ryckaert 2004. Nieuwpoort vuurtoren
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Nieuwpoort_vuurtoren.jpg
Michel wal November 2012 Nieuwpoort Vismijn 1202
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_vismijn_1202.JPG
Frans90245 2017-04-03 Veurne Ambacht frontaal gezien
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlaat_van_Veurne-Ambacht#/media/Bestand:Veurne_Ambacht_frontaal_gezien.jpg
Frans90245 December 2014 Bezoekerscentrum Westfront 01
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bezoekerscentrum_Westfront_01.jpg
Paul Hermans October 2017 Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)_26-10-2017_10-55-38.JPG
Michel wal March 2012 Nieuwpoort Duvetorre 1201
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_Duvetorre_1201.jpg
Frans90245 2016-09-20 Bommevrij 2
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bommevrij#/media/Bestand:Bommevrij_2.jpg
flamenc May 2010 Belfort en Halle
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort_en_Halle.jpg
March 2009. Daniel Burien. Beaufort 03
https://danielburen.com/images/exhibit/1674?ref=group&year=2009#lg=1&slide=1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poolreiziger_02.jpg
Frans90245. 27 February 2014. Poolreiziger
Frans Keustermans. May 29, 2018. Men - Beaufort 2018 Nieuwpoort - Belgium
https://www.flickr.com/photos/141492153@N02/28802619368
Benoit Bruer. 2018-09-12. Searching for Utopia, Nieuwpoort
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51174201#/media/File:Searching_for_Utopia,_Nieuwpoort_(DSCF9856).jpg

'''CONTENT'''

https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk_(Nieuwpoort)
https://www.nieuwpoort.be/nieuwpoort/view/en/nieuwpoort/the_great_war/westfront_nieuwpoort
https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurtoren_van_Nieuwpoort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention

'''MAPS'''
https://mapire.eu/en/geoname/belgium/nieuwpoort-bad-2790149/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium#/media/File:Nieuwpoort,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg
https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/51.1324/2.7286
https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/

= Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment =
== B.1 Assessment Strategy ==
*''Based on the hypothesis derived from your previous landscape systems analysis you are now asked to define the goals for assessing the landscape. Your assessment is the basis for evaluating the landscape status.''
*''Which elements and phenomena need to be mapped, why and how?''
*''This a text contribution, max 250 words''

== B.2 Mapping ==
*''As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here''
*''As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_your assessment mapping themel.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme2.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
File:your case_your assessment mapping theme3.jpg|''briefly explain the findings of your mapping''
</gallery>

== B.3 Problem definition and priority setting ==
* ''Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?''
* ''Draw a problems/potentials map''
* ''Set priorities for the most relevant issues''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="5">
File:your case_problems_potentials map.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== B.4 Theory reflection ==
Observation, visiting the site and survey and interview stakeholders could help us get to know the situation better.
It would have been beneficial if the information was available to apply our demographic data spatially.

Of course, the Steinitz Framework could help us to find the clue, asking ourselves how we can describe the area of study, or what is the current situation to get to know the problems and risks, and potential as well.
For the analysis part, we use old maps which could show us how the city developed, we could realize how the city changed. Reading the history of the city and the north sea opened our eyes to the culture and the people's needs.
Having knowledge of Green infrastructure and its important role in climate change and in nature and human life as well.
The mapping of economic status and housing overlaid with the mapping of preserved green spaces and the dynamics of the blue infrastructure has allowed us insight into the relationships between the specific challenges our data has revealed.
Getting the knowledge about Ecosystem services to let us know its benefits and service like food, air/soil quality, and biodiversity, which are really important in Landscape and our world.
Provision services (Plants), Regulation service (air, water purification and water regulation) Supporting service (Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis) and Cultural services (recreation, cultural heritage and health (mental and physical)).

== B.5 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

=Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan =
== C.1 Goal Setting ==
*''Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings''
*''Link back to your original targets from section one and the [http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/Sustainable Development Goals]''
* ''150 words text contribution''

== C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect ==
*''translate your strategic goals into a vision''
*''develop a spatial translation of your vision''
*''exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions''
*''add map(s) and visualizations''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_translaton_vision.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail1.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_transect_detail2.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation ==
*''For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?''
*''Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline''
*''Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?''
*''add 150 words text and visuals''

<gallery caption=" " widths="500px" heights="200px" perrow="1">
File:your case_spatial_your governance model.jpg|''add caption here''
File:your case_spatial_your process model.jpg|''add caption here''
</gallery>

== C.4 References ==
* ''give a full list of the references you have used for this section''

= D. Process Reflection =
*''Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study''
*''Which limitations were you facing?''
*''What have you learnt from each other?''
*''What would you do differently next time?''
*''You can also use diagrams/visuals''
*''250 words text''

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[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study 2020]]
[[Category:Coastal Landscapes Case Study]]

COLAND Case Study 2020 - Nieuwpoort

2020-03-17T20:29:53Z