Son Tra Peninsula

>>>back to working groups overview

Area	Son Tra Penisula
Place	Danang
Country	Vietnam
Topics	tourism, nature protection
Author(s)	Duy Phan Do

Rationale

• Why do you think this case is relevant? What is your hypothesis considering the landscape challenges?

Vietnam has a long coastline with many beautiful beaches. But the reason I chose Son Tra peninsula is that it is a rare place to include many features such as ecological, tourism sacred and historical value. However, it is also facing some problems and needs strategies for sustainable development.

Location and scope

You can edit this map with the map editor

Loading map...

{"minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"mappingservice":"leaflet","width":"auto","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"zoom":false,"defzoom":14,"layers":["OpenStreetMap"],"image layers":[],"overlays":[],"resizable":false,"fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":true,"cluster":false,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clustermaxradius":80,"clusterspiderfy":true,"geojson":"","clicktarget":"","imageLayers":[],"locations":[{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESon Tra Peninsula\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Son Tra Peninsula\n","link":"","lat":16.124431366381813,"lon":108.2750287241771,"icon":""}],"imageoverlays":null}

A Landscape System Analysis

A.1 Landscape layers and their system context

Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology

• Description of evolution, status quo and driving forces, is the coastal typology changing? Why is that? (approx 200 signs)

Son Tra peninsula is located in Danang one of the famous tourist city in my country. In the past, Son Tra was an island of three high mountains. Over a long time, the acquisition I don’t know what it is exactly called but it has created the area to connect land to the island. Nowadays, this peninsula becomes an attractive destination with many beautiful beaches. As you can see in the picture is a typical structure of the peninsula with mountains, forests, sandy beaches, and coastline.

• 

  Coastal Typology

Land use

• settlements, infrastructure, agriculture, resource extraction, natural areas, energy production...
• description of evolution, status quo and driving forces, is the land use likely to change? Why is that? (approx 200 signs)

This is the land-use map of Danang city. We can see that in the right corner is the peninsula with most of the forest and scrub. Looking at the changes in land use of Danang in general, the area of the building, shown in red, has increased significantly. The density of the building is also higher on the area connecting the city with the peninsula. Even some green area of the peninsula has been narrowed.

• 

  Land use development

Green/blue infrastructure

• What are the major potential elements of a green/blue infrastructure network? Are these likely to change/disappear? Why is that?
• You find my background material on green infrastructure in our reading list

Zooming in the green and blue infrastructure of the peninsula, it is mainly surrounded by the sea. Most of the area is forested, grassland and shrub. That made the peninsula to become a natural forest ecosystem associated with the sea in the heart of a modern city. Besides on the beach still retaining the natural beauty, this is also home to the world's largest population of endangered red-shanked doucs as well as many other species.

• 

  Green + Blue Infrastructure

Actors and stakeholders

• Who is driving changes in this landscape? Who is affected by those changes?

This is the power map to show the affected stakeholders and actors. In my case and my opinion, The most powerful actors are government and the investors. The actors that are the most affected and have the least power are the local population including the species and their habitats

• 

  Power map

Sacred spaces and heritage

• Which places/elements hold cultural value and to whom?

Besides the ecological and tourism value, the peninsula also has the sacred and historical values. This has known as the first place where French colonialists attacked Vietnam in 1858 and started the French-Vietnam War. On the left is a picture of a Temporary market of French and Spanish people in Son Tra peninsula. There is also a pagoda with many legends and stories for those who believe in.

• 

  Sacred spaces and heritage

Visual appearance and landscape narrative

• Which elements are essential for the landscape character?
• Has the landscape been painted or otherwise depicted, when and whom? Which elements are essential?
• Which narratives exist? Who has written about this landscape or depicted it in some way?

Son Tra peninsula was described In the historical documents with natural and original beauty. It was compared to the pearl in the middle of the sea with the tree-covered mountains and the herd of animals.

• 

  Landscape Narrative

• 

  Painting

A.2 Summary of you landscape system analysis and your development Targets

• You can summarize your findings with an DPSI(R) Model or a Spider Diagram
• Link back to the Sustainable Development Goals: Which goals are at risk?
• What is your hypothesis for this landscape?
• Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict
• Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?

DPSIR model to show what drives the landscape and its changes, what is the pressures and state of the site, what impacts occur following these changes. Located close to the city center and easily accessible is the advantage and disadvantage. It has to face the drivers and pressures like tourism and recreation demand, economic development, changes in land use, loss of species and the problems of nature. The state we can start to see is the growth of the buildings, lost of some green areas and pollution. As a result, These will impact the quality of environment and ecosystem. So what could be the responses?

• 

  DPSI(R) model

• 

  A picture I think might happen in the far future with a bad scenario. Without the conservation and sustainable development strategies, it is possible that green areas on the peninsula will be replaced by the buildings, ecosystems and living environment of the species will be destroyed.

A.3 Theory reflection

• Reflect on at least three international policy documents in relation to their local landscape case
• choose one international, one European and one national document
• You can choose references from our reading list
• “Local Green Infrastructure- Helping communities make the most of their landscape” provides an overview of how open spaces can be designed or managed in ways that deliver more benefits to the whole community. With the eight case studies, we can see how Green Infrastructure can encourage and promotes economic growth, healthier communities, contribute to the social, connect people with nature, improve local environmental quality and support climate change adaptation and mitigation. Besides, the document includes an illustration and key diagrams showing examples of how local green infrastructure initiatives can create a network of essential and desirable services. It concludes with suggested opportunities for local actions that will contribute to multifunctional green infrastructure networks.

A.4 References

• QUANTIFYING LAND USE/COVER CHANGE AND LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION IN DANANG CITY, VIETNAM: 1979-2009. https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XXXIX-B8/501/2012/isprsarchives-XXXIX-B8-501-2012.pdf
• Temporary market of French and Spanish people in Son Tra _Painted by Gravure (1860) http://ktsdanang.vn/Default.aspx?PageId=705
• Linh Ung pagoda http://wikimapia.org/16690519/vi/Ch%C3%B9a-Linh-%E1%BB%A8ng#/photo/1537771
• https://laodong.vn/thoi-su/mot-to-a4-son-tra-mat-41-dat-rung-565768.ldo
• https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1607353756016971&set=pcb.392739911149561&type=3&theater&ifg=1

Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment

B.1 Assessment Strategy

In terms of the assessment strategy, my main goals are:

• To identify how the land-use of the peninsula changed overtime.
• Factors affecting these changes.
• The risks may be caused by these changes.
• To develop strategies to protect the values of this area.

As I mentioned in the last presentation, the main problem in the peninsula is the change in land-use, particularly is the risk of green space loss and instead of that hotels and resorts. That will negatively affect the ecology and landscape of the peninsula. Following these goals, there are two main themes in my presentation today. The first theme is land-use change in this area and with the second theme I would like to find out the economic value of the landscape system in this peninsula.

B.2 Mapping

• As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here
• As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed

• 

  These are the land-use maps of the city in 1990 and 2007. As you might see from the maps, in the right corner of the city is the peninsula with most of the forest and scrub area with a natural forest ecosystem as the home of many species. And right next to it is the city center with the urban and residential area. After overlaying to maps, we can see there were some changes in the purpose of using land from 1990 to 2007. The urban and residential area (showed with red and purple color) was widened especially along the coastal line and towards the peninsula

• 

  To talk about the economic value of the area, I show here on the left the maps of distance from the peninsula to the urban area and to the main roads. As we can see, this area has a very convenient location when locating very close a big tourism city and easy to approach.

B.3 Problem definition and priority setting

• Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?
• Draw a problems/potentials map
• Set priorities for the most relevant issues

• 

  During the time, the process of urbanization along with the growth of population lead to the high demand for housing in surrounding area. Meanwhile, the tourism development drives to the demand for recreational activities as well as necessary facilities. Both of these factors play a role in increasing the economic value for the area but they also cause the land use change with series of consequences such as the loss of green space leading to the loss of habitat. Another consequence is the construction growth leading to the land erosion in this place.

• 

  Coming up with some steps that might take to improve the situation, I have here three priorities that will be followed by different targets. With protecting biodiversity, I think we need to define the area for natural protection and then create a buffer zone between protected area and residential area. Another priority is protecting natural landscape. The targets for this is setting up essential policy and management plan to support this. It also would be great if we can have the support from the government for green design and planning. Finally, regarding economic and tourist development. I think the ecotourism should be a high potential for the region. along with green, it will be encouraged for environment protection, these activities can be diversified depending on the culture and the demand of tourists.

B.4 Theory reflection

• Please reflect the assessment and evaluation methods used based on at least three readings
• Did you encounter limitations'
• Because of the unavailability to access the site, I could do the assessment and evaluation base on online data only. However, the information resources such as GIS files or maps are quite limited. In my case, an easy way to approach is from Environmental impact because this is one of the problems that my region is facing. I used the results from the existing research and newspapers on the Internet to define the Strategy for my project, figure out the main problems and suggest some targets that can help to solve or improve the situation

B.5 References

• Detecting and Modeling the Changes of Land Use/Cover for Land Use Planning in Da Nang City, Viet Nam. https://d-nb.info/1044870680/34
• APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN LAND USE CHANGE PATTERN IN DA NANG CITY, VIETNAM. http://wgrass.media.osaka-cu.ac.jp/gisideas10/papers/e895329f40188e84957dd289ddb6.pdf

Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan

C.1 Goal Setting

• Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings
• Link back to your original targets from section one and the Development Goals

• 

  In summary, I have 2 goals for my design: Protect Natural Environment and Develop Ecotourism. This is a peninsula with a natural ecosystem associated with the sea in the heart of a modern city so besides the tourism development, protecting natural environment and ecosystem also plays an important role in ensuring the sustainable development goals.

C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect

• translate your strategic goals into a vision
• develop a spatial translation of your vision
• exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions
• add map(s) and visualizations

• 

  Define 3 types of zone with different levels of protection

• 

  Spatial vision with specific activities

• 

  The Transects to show the changes in topography and landscape

• 

  From the Hiking track, Hiking and Observing the Fauna and Flora, Red-shanked doucs

• 

  On the beach with water activities, bamboo houses

C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation

• For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?
• Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline
• Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?
• About the partnership and governance, I think at first we need the analysis and planning from architects, landscape architects, and experts. National and local government an interest in by policy and even financing. Then we need the investment from the businesses. Citizens especially local people should also interest in the project because it will directly influent to their benefit. Besides, NGOs and International Organization can cooperate with the related parties. Lastly, a Mangement Department is necessary to monitor and manage the whole area.

• 

  Partnership and governance

• 

  Process model/timeline

C.4 References

• The research about red-shanked doucs (PYGATHRIX NEMAEUS). Tran Dinh Nghia-2015

http://repository.vnu.edu.vn/bitstream/VNU_123/10185/1/Tran%20Dinh%20Nghia.pdf

• 17 goals to transform our world. Visual Source: UN Communication Material

D. Process Reflection

• Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study
• Which limitations were you facing?
• What have you learnt from each other?
• What would you do differently next time?
• You can also use diagrams/visuals

• 

---