Constanta
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| Area | Z3 | |
| Place | Constanța | |
| Country | Romania | |
| Topics | Coastal development; urban coast; urban waterfront | |
| Author(s) | Wendy Laura Cînța, Simona Dolana, Ioana Natalia Oneșciuc, Mihai Surdu | |
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Rationale
The complexity of the Constanta case study consists in the fact that it, as a big city of Romania (of around 300 thousand inhabitants), is at the same time a strategic point on a continental scale. This is due to the favourable location on one of the most important geostrategic axes of the European continent, the Rhine-Danube TEN-T Corridor and the fact that it is the largest port on the entire Black Sea basin. In the context of Constanta, the concept of "resource" should not be limited to the port element as an urban development factor, but should be extended to include the entire coastline, as a responsible element of increasing the site's quality.
Location and scope
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A Landscape System Analysis
A.1 Landscape layers and their system context
Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology
The shoreline has great stability, but it suffers from a continuous but slow withdrawal process, that generates landslides that look like false terraces. Erosion, especially due to socio-economic pressure, affects the complex geological structure of the coastline.
Land use
The main characteristic is intensely urbanized area with a fragmentary use of the land. The city and the port are 2 distinct areas, both from a landscape scenery point of view and also from an administrative one. Recent redistribution of land use patterns (e.g. residential) was possible due to an imbalance of land price, which has resulted in an urban landscape reconfiguration.
Green/blue infrastructure
Agigea Marine Dunes (south) - biosphere reserve territories (north) corridor is characterized by terraced landscape unit as a topographic facility in connection to the park/s meeting lake/s (Siutghiol and Tăbăcăriei), apart from the Black Sea’s green shoreline. Intense urbanization affects these elements. Moreover, there is huge potential for the reconversion of the former industrial derelict sites.
Actors and stakeholders
Approximately the whole coastal area can be accessed and used by the public, so many different users and stakeholders are interested in the coastline. Even if the government and the local municipality regulate the whole studied area, there are other stakeholders with an impact, such as business developers and the Constanța port.
Sacred spaces and heritage
The first three areas are rich in monuments, thus revealing the multicultural identity of the city and also the great history of the ancient Tomis port. In the fourth area, there is a vast industrial heritage site with monuments dating from the early twentieth century.
Visual appearance and landscape narrative
For the last century, the Romanian coastline inspired tens of famous authors, painters and lately, directors and singers. The Casino along with its promenade, the city’s landmark, was depicted in Cella Serghi’s autobiographic novel ,,Spiderweb” and also, later, by art historian Doina Păuleanu and architect Radu Cornescu; it also appears in many paintings. Another essential element for the landscape character are the abandoned waterfront(s).
Authors:
Cella Serghi – Pânza de Păianjen (Spider Web)
Jean Bart – Europolis
Tudor Ganea – Cazemata (The Casemate) Painters: Nicolae Vermont, Peisaj marin cu portul Constanța (Marine landscape of the Constanța port); Plajă (Beach) (see image 1)
Marius Bunescu, Înainte de furtună (Before the storm) (see image 2)
Arthur Verona, Violonist în barcă (The violinist on the boat) (see image 3)
Theodor Pallady, Peisaj din Constanța (Constanța’s landscape) (see image 4)
Nicolae Grigorescu, Femeie pe malul mării (The woman on the seashore) (see image 5)
Directors:
Francis Ford Coppola - Youth without Youth Rian Johnson - The Brothers Bloom
Savel Stiopul – Aventuri la Marea Neagră (Black Sea Adventures); Nea Marin Miliardarul (Marin the billionaire)
Singers:
B.U.G. Mafia - Pe Coastă (On the coast) – (you can listen to the link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fc9jhvzjSg)
Inna - Spre mare (By sea) – (you can listen to the link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5wqJ1E5cXLw)
Vama veche - Vino să visăm sub apă (Come to dream under water) – (you can listen to the link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHcWjSH6_a8)
A.2 Summary of you landscape system analysis and your development Targets
Chaotic urbanization poses environmental problems in the studied coastal context, so making cities and human settlements inclusive, resilient and sustainable objective is at risk.
We hypothesise that different coastal patterns driven by environmental, historical, cultural and economic discrepancies between northern Constanța and southern Agigea (poor coastal planning) lead to coastal degradation.
A.3 Theory reflection
- Reflect on at least three international policy documents in relation to their local landscape case
- choose one international, one European and one national document
- You can choose references from our reading list
- Scope: 250 words
A.4 References
1. MONITORING OF COSTAL EROSION, THE MAIN INSTRUMENT IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE ROMANIAN COUNTRY - TRADITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES. Available at: http://www.agir.ro/buletine/2431.pdf (accessed on 07/06/2018).
2. The 10 problems of Romanian coastal zone. Available at: https://www.ziuaconstanta.ro/diverse/stiri-calde/ziua-internationala-a-marii-neagre-cele-10-probleme-ale-zonei-costiere-romanesti-612805.html (accessed on 07/06/2018).
3. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY TERRITORIAL OF ROMANIA. Available at: http://www.fonduri-structurale.ro/Document_Files/Stiri/00017493/7hctm_Anexe.pdf (accessed on 07/06/2018).
4. Ten historic sites to visit the Black Sea. Available at: https://www.historia.ro/sectiune/general/articol/10-obiective-istorice-de-vizitat-la-malul-marii-negre (accessed on 07/06/2018).
Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment
B.1 Assessment Strategy
Overall goal: Identifying and analyzing what are the potential harming features, depending on the character of the zones:
Zone 1 – Community beach - goal: existing free public space for the community, along the existing promenade;
Zone 2 – Community and tourism beach - goal: beach public space for the community, as well for tourists who can visit Constanța throughout the year;
Zone 3 – Tourism harbour area – goal: existing free public space close to historical landmarks;
Zone 4 – Industry and port area – goal: existing space close to/in the industrial heritage units.
Depending on the context, the elements to be mapped are potential elements, the supporting elements and the problematic elements.
B.2 Mapping
- Your case your assessment mapping.jpg
Assessment mapping areas
- Your case your assessment mapping themel.jpg
Theme 1: ZONE 1 – Disruptive over harmonious
- Your case your assessment mapping theme2.jpg
Theme 2: ZONE 2 – Variety in transition
- Your case your assessment mapping theme3.jpg
Theme 3: ZONE 3 – Forgotten heritage
- Your case your assessment mapping theme3.jpg
Theme 4: ZONE 4 – Abusive port
B.3 Problem definition and priority setting
- Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?
- Draw a problems/potentials map
- Set priorities for the most relevant issues
- Your case problems potentials map.jpg
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B.4 Theory reflection
- Please reflect the assessment and evaluation methods used based on at least three readings
- Did you encounter limitations'
- 200 words test contribution
B.5 References
- give a full list of the references you have used for this section
Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan
C.1 Goal Setting
- Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings
- Link back to your original targets from section one and the Development Goals
- 150 words text contribution
C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect
- translate your strategic goals into a vision
- develop a spatial translation of your vision
- exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions
- add map(s) and visualizations
- Your case spatial translaton vision.jpg
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- Your case transect.jpg
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- Your case transect detail1.jpg
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- Your case transect detail2.jpg
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C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation
- For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?
- Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline
- Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?
- add 150 words text and visuals
- Your case spatial your governance model.jpg
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- Your case spatial your process model.jpg
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C.4 References
- give a full list of the references you have used for this section
D. Process Reflection
- Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study
- Which limitations were you facing?
- What have you learnt from each other?
- What would you do differently next time?
- You can also use diagrams/visuals
- 250 words text