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Area	Paljassaare / Pikakari
Place	Tallinn
Country	Estonia
Topics	Recreation, nature area, industry
Author(s)	Constance, Franciska, Hélène, Mohamed, Neda, Pedram

Rationale

Paljassaare/Pikakari is a strategic site in the thematic of coastal landscapes because it is at the interface of Nature and Human activities. Indeed, Pikakari is a place close from the city centre (15mn by car) where tourists (mostly Tallinners) go to enjoy the sea and the beach. But close to the beach, there is also a Natura 2000 area with more than 80 species of protected birds. Thus, the area is quite fragile and a part of it is forbidden during nesting periods. Finally, industry is also present with the waste water treatment plant of Tallinn and Paljassaare port. In conclusion it is a site that can be very conflictual between industry and leisure/nature. Also, because of the activities established, the territory is divided and a long portion of coast on the west side of the Peninsula is not accessible. The challenge we identified is to make connections across the Peninsula.

Location and scope

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A Landscape System Analysis

A.1 Landscape layers and their system context

Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology

Paljassaare peninsula is a part of the Tallinn bay and the Gulf of Finland. Most of Tallinn bay have an artificial coastline. However, the coast of this peninsula is mainly composed with beaches. These are made of sand, pebbles or rocks. The island began to emerge 700 years BC. This area is subjected to an isostatic uplift of the earth crust. It means that this is an area that emerges of around 2 mm every year. Initially the peninsula was divided in two islands. Paljassaare is a peninsula since the 1950s, when garbage was stored in the mud of the bay, between the island and the mainland. The location of the site, close to the passage of the boats, makes it vulnerable to waves. The wind also have an impact on the area, as there is no high point to protect it. Humans also have an impact on the site. It is partly because of the beach. Being close to the city-center, it is well frequented in summer. This brings some pressure on the site, because of the cars. There is also a water treatment plant on the peninsula, which could lead to soil and water pollution.

Map of the to Islands from L. A. Mellin's "Atlas von Lieffland" 1798
Pikakari sand beach
Sand and pebbles beach
Rocks

Land use

The main land uses in Paljaassare are divided into five; Transitional forest with mineral resources, open low and transfer bed, Industrial and commercial territories, Port and sparsely built up areas that is exist in the lower part of area and in industrial and commercial unit as well.

Predominant land use in area is industrial and commercial unit with some settlement, a main road is in the east with public transportation; this land use has connection with all other land uses exist there.According to development of area with analysis the different decades map shows the visible change is going to shrinking ports bounds and enlarging the industrial area and reaching the coast in the east with settlement.Guessing the port area will go to residential use in the future.

Land use map,2000
land use map,2018
Legend
Paljassaare

Green/blue infrastructure

Main green infrastructure:-

1- Paljassaare Special Conservation Area.

2- Green zone.

3- Swamp area.

Main blue infrastructure:-

4- Pikakari beach.

5- Paljassaare Harbor.

6- kaelajarv.

According to the green/blue infrastructure areas mentioned it’s notable that the most of the study area is occupied by industrial use, and the main three green areas (1, 2, 3) is likely to develop in the future, first to maintain the ecological quality of Paljassaare district and eliminate any potential disturbance from the industrial zone, second to increase the connectivity between the green zones and Pikakari beach and the city center.

GreenBlue Infrastructure

Actors and stakeholders

Paljassare peninsula is situated in the North of the municipality of Tallinn, in Harju county. It is part of the Northern Tallinn district. It is quite an industrial area with Tallinn waste treatment plant (Tallinna Vesi - Water of Tallinn - 70 ha) and Paljassaare Port belonging to Port of Tallinn (Tallinna Sadam) and several transportation companies as well as a railway. Around 50,000 inhabitants are living in the district. For planning in Estonia, the national government establishes the legal framework with laws and a national spatial plan. Then, counties do the county spatial plan and municipalities the comprehensive plan. Tallinn has a development plan for the period 2014-2020. According to one articles from 2018, Port of Tallinn would be looking to discard its last plots of Paljassaare harbor - most of it already sold over the past 10 years.

Who is affected highly but with low power? Who has high power but is not affected?

Powermap of Paljassaare peninsula

Sacred spaces and heritage

The cultural heritage of Paljassaare is manly characterized by it´s military use. In the past Paljassaare were divided into two small islands called Karli Islands. With the end of the Great Northern War on Estonian territory, Estonia was incorporated into Rus-sia. In 1727 the Russian leadership decided to strengthen the defences of the port of Tallinn. At this time the first military fortifications were built on Karli island (later Paljas-saare). In 1824 an artillery Tower was built on the smaller Karli island. The Tower became the unofficial name White Tower. Now a day only ruins of the Tower exist since the Russian troops destroyed the Tower during the Crimean War because of the fear that it will fall in the hands of the enemy. Before and during World War I a complex protecting system was built. The large com-plex of fortifications should protect St. Petersburg form attacks by the sea. The system was called Peter the Great´s naval fortress. The construction started on Paljassaare in 1912. The area between the mainland and the islands was filled and the result is the peninsula Paljassaare. The material to fill the area was collected during construction of the Mine Harbour. The construction of the complex protection system was never finished. Today only the ruins of the White Tower, the battery, the embankment of the railway and the Katariina Quay is left from the naval fortress.

Timeline of the military history of Paljassaare

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Visual appearance and landscape narrative

Local visual arts can be considered in three different time periods. The 19th century, Soviet time and Post Soviet time. In the 19th century many landscape painters such as Carl Ferdinand von Kügelgen, Edouard Hostein and Victor-Vincent Adam visited this area and produced many art pieces depicting local nature. In soviet time many Estonian painters started to show effects of soviet ideas about human society and lifestyle of young people and next generations. Ilmar Ojalo and especially Jaan Elken are the most important painters from that period, Jaan Elken published more than 200 writings on art and arts policy. Elken has been the head of Estonian Painters’ Union (1995-1999) and the president of Estonian Artists’ Association (1999-2013). Since 1997 he is a professor of the Chair of painting at The Institute of Cultural Research and Fine arts at the University of Tartu. In current time Paljassaare-Pikakari has a new generation of artists who are inspired by new face of this area. They are trying to tell stories from one of the most poorest parts of Tallinn in different ways. Most common medium among them is photography and graffiti, Mattias Malk and Tõnis Saadoja are the most famous young local artists nowadays.
Has the landscape been painted or otherwise depicted, when and whom? Which elements are essential?
Which narratives exist? Who has written about this landscape or depicted it in some way?
You can add text and images

Carl Friedrich Christian Buddeus-Kopli Beach(1836)
Jaan Elken-Paljassaare(1983)
Street Art in Paljassaare peninsula
Mattias Malk-Secret Slum Book(2017)

A.2 Summary of you landscape system analysis and your development Targets

You can summarize your findings with an DPSI(R) Model or a Spider Diagram
Link back to the Sustainable Development Goals: Which goals are at risk?
What is your hypothesis for this landscape?
Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict
Are there any existing initiatives taking action in this landscape? Do you have a critical perspective on that?
Add text and visuals

explain your analysis briefly in the caption

explain your hypthesis briefly in the caption

A.3 Theory reflection

Reflect on at least three international policy documents in relation to their local landscape case
choose one international, one European and one national document
You can choose references from our reading list
Scope: 250 words

A.4 References

Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology

Maaamet [[1]]
Great Paljassaare [[2]]
Eurosion case study [[3]]
Map of the to Islands from L. A. Mellin's "Atlas von Lieffland" 1798 [[4]]
Pikakari sand beach [[5]]
Sand and pebbles beach [[6]]
Rocks [[7]]

Land use

1990,2018[[8]]
[[9]]

Green/blue infrastructure

Maaamet [[10]]

Actors and stakeholders

Article by Merilin Pärli on err.ee [[11]]
Paljassaare Port [[12]]
Port Of Tallinn [[13]]
Tallinn City [[14]]
Tallinna Vesi [[15]]

Sacred spaces and heritage

www.portoftallinn.com/18th-century [[16]]
citynature.eu [[17]]
et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paljassaare [[18]]
www.estonica.org [[19]]
www.estonica.org [[20]]
www.estonica.org [[21]]

Visual appearance and landscape narrative

A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets

Icons from Noun Project [[22]]

Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment

B.1 Assessment Strategy

Based on the hypothesis derived from your previous landscape systems analysis you are now asked to define the goals for assessing the landscape. Your assessment is the basis for evaluating the landscape status.
Which elements and phenomena need to be mapped, why and how?
This a text contribution, max 250 words

B.2 Mapping

As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here
As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed

Your case your assessment mapping themel.jpg

briefly explain the findings of your mapping
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briefly explain the findings of your mapping
Your case your assessment mapping theme3.jpg

briefly explain the findings of your mapping

B.3 Problem definition and priority setting

Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?
Draw a problems/potentials map
Set priorities for the most relevant issues

Your case problems potentials map.jpg

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B.4 Theory reflection

Please reflect the assessment and evaluation methods used based on at least three readings
Did you encounter limitations'
200 words test contribution

B.5 References

give a full list of the references you have used for this section

Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan

C.1 Goal Setting

Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings
Link back to your original targets from section one and the Development Goals
150 words text contribution

C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect

translate your strategic goals into a vision
develop a spatial translation of your vision
exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions
add map(s) and visualizations

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C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation

For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?
Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline
Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?
add 150 words text and visuals

Your case spatial your governance model.jpg

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Your case spatial your process model.jpg

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C.4 References

give a full list of the references you have used for this section

D. Process Reflection

Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study
Which limitations were you facing?
What have you learnt from each other?
What would you do differently next time?
You can also use diagrams/visuals
250 words text

Case Study G: Paljassaare-Pikakari

Contents

Rationale

Location and scope

A Landscape System Analysis

A.1 Landscape layers and their system context