COLAND Case Study 2020 - Brugge - Zeebrugge
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Rationale
- Why do you think this case is relevant? What is your hypothesis considering the landscape challenges?
- Format: 3-4 sentences
Location and scope
You can edit this map with the map editor
A Landscape System Analysis
A.1 Landscape layers and their system context
Geomorphology, landscape units and coastal typology
The name of the city comes from the word "Bryghia", meaning ‘landing stage' in Norse. It is an example of the medieval settlement. Bruges was named in 2002 as a cultural capital and is considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site From the beginning of its development, Bruges had has an important connection with the coast. Originally it was a landing place on the Zwin estuary, into which the Reie River flowed. In the 12th century, Bruges gained city status, but soon after the Zwin started to silt up. Bruges adapted by creating outports in Damme and Sluis; simultaneously, land transport became more and more prevalent. Another important factor in the costal zone of the studio area is the Blankenberge pier built in 1933. Likewise, the port of Zeebrugge (initially a village) has been developed since 1895. This is the area with the biggest changes since the small fishing settlement, dating from the end of the 19th century that was surrounded by natural beaches and dunes, was dwarfed by the enormous manmade harbour. All these interventions show the important commercial influence of the city, according to which, the coast typology can be defined as a set of man-made interventions among which, the tourist and commercial activities of the port are the most significant of the environment given its proportions.
Brugge 1984. Source: Google Earth
Brugge 2018. Source: Google Earth
Land use
- settlements, infrastructure, agriculture, resource extraction, natural areas, energy production...
- description of evolution, status quo and driving forces, is the land use likely to change? Why is that? (approx 200 signs)
- add 1-2 graphical representations to the image gallery, you can add more if you like
In 1990 the landuse of this area was characterized mainly by the urban fabric of Brugge and the cities along the coast. In between of them there was mainly just agricultural land.
In 2018 the situation changes: the port area expanded and there are new infrastructure areas in between Brugge and Zeebrugge.
Here we proposed a possible scenario for 2050 for the landuse, based on the evolution during the previous years.
Blue/Green Infrastructure
Blue Infrastructure: There are 4 Major elements of existing Blue Infrastructure. 1st one is obviously the North Sea which is connecting Belgium with the western side. Then there is the Zeebrugge harbour area. Although it is a part of the sea, it has an enclosed site area with different functions, so it can be marked as a separate and most dominant element Blue Infrastructure of that area. After that, there are two canal connections here in this site. One is connecting the city harbour with the main port area, and the other is connecting with the Dijver canal. This canal connection is well spread in the Brugee city and that’s why this city is called the “Venice of the North”.And the last one is the Wetland area, located in the side of Zeeburgee Harbor which actually helps to improve the water quality, reduce coastal storm damage and maintain ecosystem productivity.
Green Infrastructure: From the map, it’s notable that the most of the study area except Zeebrugge harbour is occupied by Pastureland – which is generally covered with grass and other low plants and suitable for grazing animals, especially cattle or sheep. Then there a small portion of forest and Treelines. It is actually the green canopied area beside the canals and some small chunk of tress. Then there is the 3rd map of Urban Green area, which consists of Parks, Lawns and green recreational area. After that, there is some arable land in between the Pasture lands, which are used for agriculture and farming. And lastly, there is some herbaceous Vegetation, which is consist of Moors and grassland.
Blue Infrastructure
Green Infrastructure
Actors and stakeholders
- Who is driving changes in this landscape? Who is affected by those changes?
- Draw a stakeholder and/or power map: Who is affected highly but with low power? Who has high power but is not affected?
- Your case your powermap.jpg
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Sacred spaces and heritage
- Bruges is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium, in the northwest of the country.
The area of the whole city amounts to more than 13,840 hectares (138.4 km2; 53.44 sq miles), including 1,075 hectares off the coast, at Zeebrugge.The historic city centre is a prominent World Heritage Site of UNESCO. It is oval in shape and about 430 hectares in size. The city's total population is 117,073 (1 January 2008), of whom around 20,000 live in the city centre. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 616 km2 (238 sq mi) and has a total of 255,844 inhabitants as of 1 January 2008. Along with a few other canal-based northern cities, such as Amsterdam and St Petersburg, it is sometimes referred to as the Venice of the North. Bruges has a significant economic importance, thanks to its port, and was once one of the world's chief commercial cities. Bruges was a location of coastal settlement during prehistory. This Bronze Age and Iron Age settlement is unrelated to medieval city development. In the Bruges area, the first fortifications were built after Julius Caesar's conquest of the Menapii in the first century BC, to protect the coastal area against pirates. The Franks took over the whole region from the Gallo-Romans around the 4th century and administered it as the Pagus Flandrensis. The Viking incursions of the ninth century prompted Count Baldwin I of Flanders to reinforce the Roman fortifications; trade soon resumed with England and Scandinavia. Early medieval habitation starts in the 9th and 10th century on the Burgh terrain, probably with a fortified settlement and church.
- Bruges has most of its medieval architecture intact, making it one of the best preserved medieval towns in Europe. The historic centre of Bruges has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000. Many of its medieval buildings are notable, including the Church of Our Lady, whose brick spire reaches 115.6 m (379.27 ft), making it the world's second highest brick tower/building. The sculpture Madonna and Child, which can be seen in the transept, is believed to be the only of Michelangelo's sculptures to have left Italy within his lifetime.
Bruges' most famous landmark is its 13th-century belfry, housing a municipal carillon comprising 47 bells. The city still employs a full-time carillonneur, who gives free concerts on a regular basis.
Other famous buildings in Bruges include:
The Béguinage (Dutch: Begijnhof), The Basilica of the Holy Blood (Dutch: Heilig-Bloedbasiliek). The relic of the Holy Blood, which was brought to the city after the Second Crusade by Thierry of Alsace, is paraded every year through the streets of the city. More than 1,600 inhabitants take part in this mile-long religious procession, many dressed as medieval knights or crusaders. The modern Concertgebouw ("Concert Building"), The Old St. John's Hospital, The Saint Salvator's Cathedral, The Groeningemuseum, which has an extensive collection of medieval and early modern art, including a notable collection of Flemish Primitives. Various masters, including Hans Memling and Jan van Eyck, lived and worked in Bruges. The City Hall on the Burg (Bruges) square, The Provincial Court (Provinciaal Hof), The preserved old city gateways: the Kruispoort, the Gentpoort, the Smedenpoort and the Ezelpoort. The Dampoort, the Katelijnepoort and the Boeveriepoort are gone.
Historical_timeline_of_Brugge
Brugge City center.JPG
Canel Way
Visual appearance and landscape narrative
- 01. Brugge has no specific sea beach
02. 1,075 hectares coastal area majorly occupied by Zeebrugge port 03. 12 km long Baudouin Canal with the North Sea.
- 01. visitors can enjoy the story of coastal tourism past and present through maritime theme park, situated in the unique setting of the old fish market in Zeebrugge
- The unique medieval pattern of streets, places and open spaces are depicted in painting by a famous Flemish painter Jan Baptist van Meunincxhove in1691–1700.
- You can add text and images
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A.2 Summary of your landscape system analysis and your development targets
- You can summarize your findings with an DPSI(R) Model or a Spider Diagram
- Link back to the Sustainable Development Goals: Which goals are at risk?
- What is your hypothesis for this landscape?
- Visualise your hypothesis with one graphic/pict
- UNESCO World Heritage Conservation works for the conservation of historical sites across the globe. The city of Brugge, being on coast is susceptible to global change in sea level due to climate change. USESCO being an international organization is capable of mitigation of global calamities. However, due to its international working arena, the concentration on the specific city (Brugge in this case) may not be sufficient.
- Add text and visuals
Public awareness and mass movement are a most important and effective tools to counter degrading Urban environment
Goals at risk includes-> Goal 3: Good health and well-being for people Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production Goal 13: Climate action Goal 14: Life below water Goal 15: Life on land Goal 17: Partnerships for the goals
Inadequate city and environmental regulation leads to encroachment of land near sea which limits and/or degrades public life, ultimately degrading the growth and economy
Encroachment of the coastal land is an attack on public life and well being. The cruise ships and concrete building jungles may look fancy for tourists or outsiders but it makes the citizens feel trapped inside the city. The dark clouds above symbolize the gross unhappiness
A.3 Theory reflection
- Reflect on at least three international policy documents in relation to their local landscape case
- choose one international, one European and one national document
- You can choose references from our reading list
- Scope: 250 words
A.4 References
- give a full list of the references you have used for this section
Phase B: Landscape Evaluation and Assessment
B.1 Assessment Strategy
- Based on the hypothesis derived from your previous landscape systems analysis you are now asked to define the goals for assessing the landscape. Your assessment is the basis for evaluating the landscape status.
- Which elements and phenomena need to be mapped, why and how?
- This a text contribution, max 250 words
B.2 Mapping
- As defined by your assessment strategy you conduct the mapping and present your findings here
- As a minimum, at least three different themes need to be mapped, you may choose more if needed
- Your case your assessment mapping themel.jpg
briefly explain the findings of your mapping
- Your case your assessment mapping theme2.jpg
briefly explain the findings of your mapping
- Your case your assessment mapping theme3.jpg
briefly explain the findings of your mapping
B.3 Problem definition and priority setting
- Give a summary of the major findings of your mapping process, what are the problems/potentials identified?
- Draw a problems/potentials map
- Set priorities for the most relevant issues
- Your case problems potentials map.jpg
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B.4 Theory reflection
- Please reflect the assessment and evaluation methods used based on at least three readings
- Did you encounter limitations'
- 200 words test contribution
B.5 References
- give a full list of the references you have used for this section
Phase C – Strategy and Master Plan
C.1 Goal Setting
- Define strategic planning objectives based on the evaluation findings
- Link back to your original targets from section one and the Development Goals
- 150 words text contribution
C.2 Spatial Strategy and Transect
- translate your strategic goals into a vision
- develop a spatial translation of your vision
- exemplify your vision in the form of a transect with concrete interventions
- add map(s) and visualizations
- Your case spatial translaton vision.jpg
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- Your case transect.jpg
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- Your case transect detail1.jpg
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- Your case transect detail2.jpg
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C.3 From Theory of Change to Implementation
- For implementing your vision: Which partnerships are needed? Which governance model is required?
- Who needs to act and how? Draw and explain a change/process model/timeline
- Which resources are needed? On which assets can you build?
- add 150 words text and visuals
- Your case spatial your governance model.jpg
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- Your case spatial your process model.jpg
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C.4 References
- give a full list of the references you have used for this section
D. Process Reflection
- Reflect in your intercultural and interdisciplinary team on the outcomes of your study
- Which limitations were you facing?
- What have you learnt from each other?
- What would you do differently next time?
- You can also use diagrams/visuals
- 250 words text